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What is a menstrual cycle?

A menstrual cycle is the regular cycle of changes that prepares a woman's reproductive system for pregnancy. It involves a complex system of glands, hormones, and the uterus and ovaries. An average menstrual cycle is 28 days, although it can vary from 21 to 35 days.

FAQ Frequently asked questions

What is a period?

A period (also called menstruation) is part of a woman's normal menstrual cycle. An average menstrual cycle is 28 days, although it can vary from 21 to 35 days. During a period, the uterus sheds its lining (which contains cells, blood and mucous) and this passes out …

At what age do women have periods?

Girls generally start having periods between the ages of 8 and 16, with the average age being 12 years. Except during pregnancy, most women will continue to have periods until menopause, which generally occurs in their late 40s to early 50s.

How much blood is it normal for women to lose during their period?

Menstrual flow varies between women, but it is common for it to be up to 80 milliliters. If you have to change your tampon or sanitary pad more than once an hour, this can indicate very high flow that needs to be …

Is it normal to bleed between periods?

It can take a few years for some young women to establish a regular cycle and bleeding pattern. Some young women will spot slightly (pass a small amount of blood) during ovulation, about 14 days before their period. Additionally, it can be normal for …

Are blood clots normal during a period?

Women can pass small blood clots during a period. If you begin to pass a number of large blood clots, this may be a sign of problems that require investigation by a doctor.

Is it normal for menstrual flow to stop during a period and start again?

It is not unusual for menstrual flow to stop temporarily on the third or fourth day of a period and then begin again.

Is it normal for my period to stop?

If you've had regular periods and then your periods stop occurring for six months or more, this may indicate underlying health conditions that require investigation by a doctor.

What is period pain?

Period pain is caused by prostaglandins (hormones released during the menstrual cycle) that cause the muscle layer of the uterus to cramp or contract. As well as pain in the lower abdomen, women can experience back pain. Period pain generally occurs on the first day of …

Is it normal to have headaches during my period?

Women can be more likely to experience headaches or migraines around the time of their periods. If you suffer headaches or migraines that are not able to be well managed by mild pain medications, other treatments are available. Your doctor …

Related topics

Diseases & conditions

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) describes a range of physical and psychological symptoms that can occur in the two weeks before a woman has her period (also known as menstruation).While PMS symptoms are generally relatively mild and manageable, for some women they can be severe, to the point where they cause distress and disrupt normal activities.…
Diseases & conditions

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a long-term condition in women causing an imbalance in sex hormones. Symptoms include weight gain, acne, and increase in facial or body hair, which can all affect self-esteem. There are a range of treatments available to help manage the condition.…
Diseases & conditions

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition that affects many women. It can cause severe gripping pain in the lower abdomen and back, especially during a woman’s period. It is caused by cells that normally line the womb growing elsewhere, such as on the ovaries, in the pelvis or abdomen. However, there are numerous treatment options available to control the condition.…
Diseases & conditions

Menopause

Menopause occurs when a woman has her last menstrual period. This commonly occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 years and is a result of the ovaries stopping the release of eggs in preparation for pregnancy.…
Diseases & conditions

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder occurs when a woman experiences severe psychological and physical symptoms before menstruation. The symptoms experienced are more severe than those of premenstrual syndrome.…
Diseases & conditions

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis occurs when there is an overgrowth of certain types of bacteria normally found in the vagina. It often causes a grey-coloured discharge. Although more common in sexually active women, bacterial vaginosis is not passed on through sexual activity.…

About this article

Author: Kellie Heywood
First answered: 23 Nov 2014
Last reviewed: 19 May 2018
Rating: 5.0 out of 5
Votes: 1505 (Click smiley face below to rate)
Category: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

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