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What causes hypertension?

The causes of hypertension can be divided into two main types. Primary hypertension has no specific underlying cause and develops slowly over many years. Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition and can appear more suddenly than primary hypertension. Some conditions contributing to secondary hypertension can include kidney or thyroid problems, obstructive sleep apnea, some medications (e.g., contraceptive pills, pain relievers, cold remedies) or illegal drugs (e.g., cocaine and amphetamines).

FAQ Frequently asked questions

What is hypertension?

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a common condition in which there is increased pressure of the blood against the inner walls of the arteries while the blood is pumped by the heart.

What are the symptoms of hypertension?

Most people with hypertension do not show any signs or symptoms, even when blood pressure readings are extremely high. Others may experience dull headaches, dizzy spells or nose bleeds.

What are the risk factors of hypertension?

There are many risk factors of hypertension. Most of these are lifestyle-related, such as obesity, smoking and too little physical activity. Other risk factors can include age and family history.

Who gets hypertension?

Hypertension can affect anyone, but your risk is higher with age, and if you are overweight or obese, eat a poor diet and are not active. One in three Australians aged 30-65 years have hypertension. It is more common in men from early to middle age, whereas in women, …

How is hypertension diagnosed?

To diagnose hypertension, your doctor will measure your blood pressure using an inflatable arm cuff. It is important to be measured at different times and in both arms before hypertension is diagnosed.

How is hypertension treated?

A healthy lifestyle is a good way to help control your blood pressure. This could involve a healthy diet with less salt and less alcohol, maintaining a healthy body weight and exercising regularly. In addition to this, medications may also be used to lower your …

Can hypertension lead to more serious conditions?

Hypertension can lead to more serious conditions including stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure and vision loss.

Will hypertension clear on its own?

Hypertension will not clear on its own; you will need to change your lifestyle habits (such as following a healthy diet and losing weight) and may be prescribed medications.

What can be done at home to treat hypertension?

To help treat hypertension, you can make changes to your daily lifestyle. These can include eating healthy foods, doing regular exercise, maintaining a healthy body weight and quitting smoking.

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About this article

Author: Karen McCloskey BHSc
First answered: 17 Sep 2014
Last reviewed: 19 May 2018
Rating: 4.8 out of 5
Votes: 383 (Click smiley face below to rate)
Category: Heart attack

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