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What causes hay fever?

Hay fever is caused by an allergic reaction to particles that are breathed in and trapped by mucus inside the nose. During this allergic reaction, a natural chemical called histamine is released into the nose, mouth, throat and eyes, causing inflammation and swelling. Some examples of particles that may trigger this response include pollen, mold, dust mites and animal hair.

FAQ Frequently asked questions

What is hay fever?

Hay fever, or allergic rhinitis, is a common allergic reaction to certain particles breathed in through the nose. During spring and summer, symptoms tend to be triggered by pollen from grasses, trees and weeds. In contrast, hay fever that occurs all year round is usually …

What are the symptoms of hay fever?

Hay fever symptoms can vary, depending on the type of allergic reaction, weather conditions and level of pollen in the air. However, symptoms tend to appear straight after exposure to a triggering substance and commonly include sneezing, itchy eyes and a …

What are the common triggers for hay fever?

Hay fever that occurs in spring is often triggered by pollen from trees. In the summer, it is more likely to be triggered by pollens from grasses or flowering weeds. Other substances that may trigger hay fever all year round include molds, …

How is hay fever diagnosed?

your doctor will usually diagnose hay fever by looking at your throat and nose and asking about symptoms. You may also be asked questions about your personal or family history of allergies. If further investigation is needed, you may be referred to an allergy …

Why does hay fever occur during spring and summer?

Hay fever that occurs mainly during spring, summer or early autumn is sometimes also referred to 'seasonal hay fever'. It tends to be triggered by increased levels of pollen in the air, from grasses, trees and weeds. In contrast, hay fever …

What are the treatments for hay fever?

For mild to moderate cases of hay fever, self-care measures and over-the-counter medications may be a suitable treatment. However, for symptoms that are particularly uncomfortable or severe, one or more prescription medications may be required. You …

What can be done at home to control hay fever symptoms?

If hay fever is caused by pollen, staying inside with the doors and windows closed on high-pollen days may help to control symptoms. If this is not possible, staying away from grassy areas and wearing sunglasses can reduce direct …

Can hay fever be cured?

There is no cure or vaccination for hay fever; however, some children do outgrow the condition over time. It is also possible for hay fever to clear for an extended period of time and then return later in life. In many cases though, hay fever is a lifelong condition …

How does immunotherapy for hay fever work?

Immunotherapy involves regular injections or oral doses of a particular substance known to produce an allergic reaction. The amount of substance given is increased gradually each time and treatment usually continues over several years. In some …

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About this article

Author: Dr Joanne Van der Velden PhD, BSc (Hons)
First answered: 18 Sep 2014
Last reviewed: 19 May 2018
Rating: 5.0 out of 5
Votes: 1427 (Click smiley face below to rate)
Category: Pink eye

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